The Food Science Behind Biltong: The Safe and Delicious Way to Enjoy Raw Meat
Biltong, a traditional South African dried meat snack, has gained popularity worldwide. Despite being made from raw meat, biltong is safe to eat thanks to a food preservation method rooted in food science.
Why Biltong is Safe to Eat
1. Drying Process:
The drying process is the key to biltong’s safety. Bacteria need moisture to grow, and by removing most of the water, the drying process makes it difficult for bacteria to survive. The meat is air-dried over several days, dehydrating it and concentrating the flavours. Most bacteria reside on the surface of the meat, and as the surface dries out the most, bacteria find it difficult to survive. Even if the centre remains slightly moist, the surface drying and curing have already eliminated most harmful bacteria.
2. Use of Spices:
Biltong is seasoned with a mixture of salt, vinegar, and spices like coriander and pepper. Salt and vinegar lower the pH of the meat, creating an inhospitable environment for bacteria. The spices not only add flavour but also further inhibit bacterial growth.
A Brief History of Biltong
Biltong originated with the Afrikaners in South Africa, who used it to preserve meat during long treks in the 18th and 19th centuries. Without refrigeration, they relied on air-drying and curing meat with salt and vinegar to prevent spoilage. The term “biltong” comes from the Dutch words “bil” (buttock) and “tong” (strip or tongue), describing the cut of meat used.
What Makes Biltong So Delicious?
Biltong’s unique drying process enhances both its safety and flavour. As the meat dries, it undergoes a form of aging that tenderises it. This aging breaks down muscle fibres, making the meat softer and more flavourful. The drying process also preserves the meat’s nutrients and intensifies its natural taste. The spices add a tangy, savoury kick that complements the rich meat flavours. Unlike jerky, which is often cooked or smoked, biltong retains more of its natural taste, resulting in a tender, chewy texture packed with flavour.
Interesting Facts About Biltong
- Variety of Meats: While beef is the most common meat used, biltong can also be made from game meats like ostrich, kudu, or springbok, offering different flavours.
- Origin of Spices: The spices used in biltong, such as coriander and black pepper, were influenced by the spice trade routes and the diverse cultures that settled in South Africa.
- Nutritional Value: Biltong is a high-protein, low-carb snack, making it a popular choice for those on ketogenic or low-carb diets.
- Cultural Significance: Biltong is more than a snack; it’s a part of South African heritage and history.
Conclusion
Biltong showcases the power of traditional food preservation techniques, turning raw meat into a safe, delicious, and nutrient-rich snack. The careful drying, seasoning, and aging processes ensure biltong’s safety while delivering a unique taste experience. Whether you’re a fan of savoury snacks or curious about food history, biltong offers a delightful taste of South Africa’s culinary heritage.
